Since the d 22 d yyy nonlinear coefficient of linbo 3 changes its sign as a result of electric field periodic poling along the z direction, we deduce that all tensor components of the secondorder susceptibility. Merger analysis, industrial organization theory, and. Pdf phase matching, quasiphase matching, and pulse. The globalization results in strong necessity to originate and implement thea new corporate strategies towards the businesses restructurizations through the various types of the mergers and acquisitions in order totransactions optimize the organizational structures, management capabilities, financial indicators, aiming to establish the fully optimized profitable. Pdf a theory of the interaction between light waves in polydomain crystals with a random variation in the domain thickness described by a. Acquisition and merger process through the eyes of employees. In case cannot be provided by other phase matching techniques, there is still a possibility to circumvent the limitation of the coherence length and to ensure the growth of the desired field amplitude beyond this length scale. Quasiphase matching of highharmonics and attosecond. For purposes of this section, i a change of control is deemed an assignment of rights. Substantive criteria used for merger assessment 2002 the oecd competition committee debated substantive criteria used for merger assessment in october 2002.
Conglomerate mergers can serve various purposes, including extending corporate territories and extending a product range. Mergers and acquisitions edinburgh business school. The idea hinges on periodic resetting of the nonlinear interaction phase as will be explained in more detail in the next section. This paper investigates the choice of accounting method in a sample of 373 combinations between uk quoted companies during the period 1976 to 1987. One example of a conglomerate merger was the merger between.
Pdf stochastic quasiphase matching in nonlinearoptical crystals. Quasi phase matching in soi and sos based parametric. Quasiphasematching is an important technique in nonlinear optics. After the deal phase, management attention for post merger integration pmi activities is reduced. Quasiphase matching via femtosecond laser induced domain.
Exposure draft accounting guideline on merger accounting. Vertical and conglomerate effects european commission. Phase matching bandwidth phase matching only works exactly for one wavelength, say. Keller1 1department of physics, institute of quantum electronics, eth zurich, 8093 zurich, switzerland 2institute of applied physics, university of bern, 3012 bern, switzerland 3these authors contributed equally. Rather, the lessees interest vests in the surviving entity by operation of the merger statute. It is published under the responsibility of the secretary general of the oecd to bring information on this topic to the attention of a wider audience. Since ultrashort pulses have lots of bandwidth, achieving approximate phase matching for all frequencies is a big issue.
In particular, we demonstrate qpm devices which combine second harmonic. Quasiphasematching conditions for a simultaneous generation. Through the merger both parties hope to, among other things. Kapteyn quasi phase matching is an important technique in nonlinear optics and is in widespread use. In practice, merger accounting is often used for business combinations involving entities or businesses under common control. Quasi experimental research designs, like experimental designs, test causal hypotheses. At the same time the highest harmonics merge in a broad band that corresponds to a single attosecond pulse, using 15fs. The matter at hand is that of phonemic mergers and all that they entail. Type i phase matching has the sum frequency wave e. Periodic poling quasi phase matching using periodic structure to generate an effective phase mismatch. A quasi experimental design by definition lacks random assignment. Ask rp photonics for calculations of possible phasematching schemes and of all relevant parameters definition.
Mergers, nearmergers and phonological interpretation. Pdf quasiphasematching engineering for spatial control of. Figure 1a shows the relative gouy phase throughout a device when focussed at the bk optimal value. Analytical treatment of quasiphase matching of highorder. Quasiphase matching and characterization of highorder. A transaction to combine companies that operate within the same general market but offer a different product mix. The concept underlying the use of merger accounting to account for a business combination is. Pdf the theory of quasiphasematched secondharmonic generation is presented in both the space domain and the wave vector mismatch domain. Quasiphasematched generation of coherent extremeultraviolet light. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Merger, pursuant to the terms and conditions provided in an agreement and plan of merger merger agreement. Highefficiency broadband highharmonic generation from a single quasiphasematching nonlinear crystal baoqin chen, chao zhang, chenyang hu, rongjuan liu, and zhiyuan li laboratory of optical physics, institute of physics, chinese academy of sciences, p. The only difference between a forward triangular merger and a direct merger is that a.
Rp photonics encyclopedia quasiphase matching, qpm. These materials are now shown to be able to couple secondharmonic generation and sumfrequency generation through quasi phase matching. Depending on the method of matching pn and nr waveforms, the accumulated phase disagreement over this frequency range can be within numerical uncertainty. Control the orbital angular momentum in thirdharmonic generation using quasi phase matching zhou xu, 1 zhongyu lin,1 zhilin ye,1 yan chen,1 xiaopeng hu,1, yaodong wu, 1 yong zhang,2,4 peng chen,2 wei hu,2 yanqing lu,2 min xiao, 1,2,3 and shining zhu1 1national laboratory of solid state microstructures and school of physics, nanjing university. Ganeev et althis content was downloaded from ip address 207. On the contrary, the quasi phase matching qpm technique could greatly release the limitations of matching conditions through the suitable modulation of nonlinear susceptibility 16,17. Quasiphasematched nonlinear optical frequency con version. We demonstrate enhancement of high harmonic generation in the technologically significant 95 ev photon energy region by combining phase matching, quasi phase matching, and pulse compression in a single gasfilled waveguide. Merger of equals is a phrase that is thrown around in deal negotiations and disclosures often without a full appre ciation of its mean ing, or lack thereof.
What is the difference between reverse triangular mergers and forward triangular mergers. All involved lights could be normally incident and collinearly interact along a crystallographic axis with high ef. Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics gravitational. When phase matching is achieved, the group velocities of the interacting waves are in general still not matched. Quasi phase matching of highorder harmonics from nanoparticles and atoms rashid ganeev et alhighorder harmonics generation under quasi phase matched conditions in silver, boron, and silver sulfide plasmas of different configurations rashid a. A theory has been developed for quasiphasematched generation of a wave at a sumfrequency within a constantintensity approximation. Naturally phasematched secondharmonic generation in a. The proposed methods and their later variants are now collectively called quasi phase matching qpm techniques. The pre and postmerger studies cover activities in both the preand the postmerger phases. A reverse triangular merger is a reverse merger in which the public shell company forms a new shell subsidiary wholly owned subsidiary, which is merged with and into the target or the private company seeking to merge in a statutory merger. Energy will always flow from pump to signal as long as the phase between the two optical waves is less than 180 degrees. Keywords quasi phase matching nonlinear photonic crystals nonlinear frequency conversion second harmonic generation 1 introduction in recent years, since the introduction of twodimensional nonlinear photonic crystals 2d nlpc by berger 1998, there has been a growing interest in these structures and in their potential applications. The quasiphasematching condition has been obtained for nonlinear parametric.
Type i and ii phase matching the most common angle phase matching is type i and ii. Nonlinear optical interaction in quasiphasematched structures opens up. Willig department of justice merger analysis, industrial organization theory, and merger guidelines the leadership of the antitrust. The commission found that this merger would have likely raised competition concerns. Quasi phase matching strong beam of generated photons 3 eo devices 683696. It relies on allowing to grow the field amplitude over one coherence length, and then, before the field would start to decrease again, the relative phases of the interacting fields is manipulated such that the desired amplitude grows again when propagating over the next coherence length. This accounting guideline sets out the basic principles and procedures of merger accounting. Only those fwm processes that are phase matched through dispersionengineering 7, 8 or for which a quasi phase matching qpm scheme 9 is realized, result in an ef. Further information on the interaction of ec merger control laws and the act is provided in chapter 12. The manufacturer sets p1 6 to maximize her own pro. Rp photonics encyclopedia phase matching, phasematched. Mergers and acquisitions transactions strategies in. The approach led to a direct thirdharmonic generation with high efficiency. There is one distributor who buys at p1 from the manufacturer, and sells at p2 to the consumers.
For example, rp photonics has software for calculating all possible phasematching configurations for your device, and of all relevant parameters definition. Reasons for mergers and acquisition failure sunidhi kumari. In practice, this condition is typically only satis. The q theory under the qtheory of investment, when a firms return on capital exceeds its cost of capital, q 1, it expands its capital stock. Quasi phase matching ensures that there is positive energy flow from the pump frequency to signal and idler frequencies even though all the frequencies involved are not phase locked with each other. Pdf phase matching, quasi phase matching and pulse.
Highefficiency broadband highharmonic generation from a. Frequencydomain nonlinear optics in twodimensionally. Rp photonics encyclopedia noncritical phase matching. Quasi experimental designs identify a comparison group that is as similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of baseline preintervention characteristics. Over 5,700 practice questions that cover the entire cfa curriculum. Taxes cause a lot of confusion in merger models and lbo models, and even fulltime bankers rarely know how to treat everything 100% correctly. The range of wavelengths or frequencies that achieve approximate phase matching is the phase matching bandwidth.
A pure conglomerate involves two firms that have nothing in common, while a mixed conglomerate takes place between. Mergers, nearmergers and phonological interpretation raymond hickey essen university introduction the issue treated in this paper is a phenomenon which has caused linguists of very different theoretical persuasions considerable concern. Phase ii is an indepth analysis of the mergers effects on competition and requires more time. However, the main benefit of merger accounting is also available. It relies on allowing to grow the field amplitude over one coherence length, and then, before. Mergers and acquisitions are usually, but not always, part of an expansion strategy. Phase mismatch compensation quasiquasiphasephasephase. Comprehensive study notes that are based on the cfa institutes study guide for the 2020 level 1 exam. Companies that did a conglomerate merger bizfluent. Quasi periodic structure can be introduced into nonlinear optical materials such as litao3 crystals. Introduction suppose that you are planning to bid for control of a company and, before you can announce your offer, the price of the target firms stock begins to rise coincident with unusually high trading volume.
Optics periodically poled lithium niobate ppln tutorial. The conversion efficiencies without quasi phase matching with the same total waveguide length for the two straight waveguides are 17. Merger and acquisitions integration an approach to a. We dont have any visuals to show you in this category. Complex merger cases held by the competition committee working party no.
Quasiphasematching of momentum and energy in nonlinear. Let us assume that the quasi phase matching conditions. This corresponds to a gravitationalwave frequency range of m. It is relatively easy to structure a combination to qualify for merger accounting in the uk.
Box 603, beijing 100190, china received 6 february 2015. The purpose of this phase is the development of a capability. Here, we demonstrate an innovative method of realizing thin lm substrates suitable for quasi phase matching by. Control the orbital angular momentum in thirdharmonic. It is opened when the case cannot be resolved in phase i, i. Using periodicallypoled ferroelectric crystals, where the nonlinear coe cient can be ipped every half this period, this method has been experimentally demonstrated nearly after two decades from its proposal due to the.
Modifying horizon physics could change the inspiral phase of a merger as well. Quasi phase matching in twodimensional nonlinear photonic. As a consequence of energy conservation and the quasi adiabatic evolution of the geodesic parameters, the total energy. Phase matching and quasiphase matching of extreme highorder harmonic generation. Transactional real estate reverse triangular mergers. Quasi phase matching qpm 1 that employs a spatial modulationofthesecondordernonlinearcoef. Phase matching, quasi phase matching, and pulse compression in a single waveguide for enhanced highharmonic generation article pdf available in optics letters 3015. It allows using the technique of quasiphasematching for efficient noncollinear terahertz thz generation by using highpower wideaperture optical beam. What is the difference between reverse triangular mergers. Ask rp photonics for any advice on phasematching issues. Substantive criteria used for merger assessment 2002. Quasiphasematching of momentum and energy in nonlinear optical processes alon bahabad, margaret m. This case is an important development in the commissions assessment of mergers involving datarelated issues in tech industries as it provides further guidance on the.
Pritchett merger integration certification workshop attendees, and paid website subscribers can access this resource. Ability to phase match any frequencies in the transparency range. Most of the emitted gravitational radiation moves outwards, but a fraction interacts with the bhs. Quasiphasematched thirdharmonic generation in a quasi.
It is theoretically shown that application of a phase mask in optical rectification scheme is equivalent to spatial modulation of the crystals nonlinear coefficient in crosssection plane of the laser beam. Lithium triborate crystal lbo lithium triborate lib 3o 5 or lbo is an excellent nonlinear optical crystal for many applications. Merger between leading co2 laser suppliers cleared in phase i subject to conditions. Abstract quasi phase matching is a technique for phase matching nonlinear optical interactions in which the relative phase is corrected at regular intervals using a structural peri odicity built into the nonlinear medium. They can be horizontal deals, in which competitors are combined.
A conglomerate merger is when two companies with unrelated business activities or in diverse geographical areas come together to form a larger company. A circular merger is one of the three types of mergers, the other. Companhia cervejaria brahma 30 15 tools for corporate development and deal design. The idea is essentially to allow for a phase mismatch. The phase matching conditions for sh and degenerate parametric downconversion pdc re. A conglomerate merger is any merger that is not horizontal or vertical. Over the past decade, microstructured quasiphasematching qpm materials. Shg of a pump and self phase modulation emulated by secondorder processes of the signal and an optical parametric amplifier can be integrated monolithically. The premerger studies focus on events or activities that mainly takes place in the premerger phase. Pdf quasiphasematching engineering for spatial control. The postmerger studies are classified based on their main research perspective being strategic, human resource, or cultural angwin and vaara 2005. Over the past 50 years a large number of secondorder nonlin.
This agreement and plan of merger this agreement, dated as of december 15, 2011, is by and among usmd holdings, inc. Spectral management in quasiphasematched parametric. Differentiating the two terms, mergers is the combination of two companies to form one, while acquisitions is one company taken over by the other. A phased approach to merger and acquisition integration. Quasi phasematching engineering for spatial control of entangled twophoton states article pdf available in optics letters 294. The acquisition of a target company by a subsidiary of the purchasing company. They can also access all the presentations, playbooks, books, articles, checklists, software, assessments, webinars, research, tools, and templates on. Quasiphase matching of highharmonics and attosecond pulses in modulated waveguides. Quasi phase matching can be expanded to chirped gratings to get more bandwidth and to shape an shg pulse like it is done in a dazzler. Company x is a multimedia house known for its magazine brands. Instead of a homogeneous nonlinear crystal material, a material with spatially modulated nonlinear properties is used. Pdf phase matching and quasiphase matching of extreme high. A merger is a common business exit strategy as well as a critical growth tool. Secondharmonic generation, phasematching bandwidth, and.
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